The NAP lists the preferred runways during daytime hours as:
Priority 1: Arriving Runway 16/ Runway 27/ Runway 34 and departing Runway 27/ Runway 34
Priority 2: Arriving Runway 09 and departing Runway 16
Priority 3: Arriving and departing Runway 27
Priority 4: Arriving and departing Runway 34/ Runway 16
Priority 5: Arriving and departing Runway 09
The NAP lists the preferred runways during night-time hours as:
Priority 1: Arriving Runway 16 and departing Runway 27
Priority 2: Arriving Runway 27 and departing Runway 27/ Runway 34
Priority 3: Arriving and departing Runway 27
Priority 4: Arriving and departing Runway 34/ Runway 16
Priority 5: Arriving and departing Runway 09
The NAPs at Melbourne Airport prioritise landings and take-offs over less populated areas to the north, east and west of the airport whenever possible. During periods of high demand, the north-south and east-west runways are used together to meet increased departure or arrival demand without compromising safety.
Seasonal winds in Melbourne are often very strong and result in only one runway being available for use as aircraft need to land and take off into the wind for safety. Priority 4 is used in either a southern or northern direction when the crosswind on the east-west runway is too strong for safe use. Priority 4 represents a large proportion of runway use due to these strong wind conditions and varies across the year as the wind patterns change.
During the daytime period (6am-11pm local):
Priority 1.1 (Equal):
Arriving Runway 16, departing Runway 27
Priority 1.2 (Equal):
Arriving Runway 27 and departing Runway 27 or Runway 34
Priority 1.3 (Equal – High Capacity Landing Mode):
Arriving Runway 27 or Runway 34, departing Runway 27
Priority 2:
Arriving Runway 09, departing Runway 16
Priority 3:
Arriving and departing Runway 27
Priority 4 (Equal):
Arriving and departing Runway 34
Priority 4 (Equal):
Arriving and departing Runway 16
Priority 5:
Arriving and departing Runway 09
During the night-time period (11pm-6am local):
Priority 1:
Arriving Runway 16, departing Runway 27
Priority 2:
Arriving Runway 27, departing Runway 27 or Runway 34
Priority 3:
Arriving and departing Runway 27
Priority 4 (Equal):
Arriving and departing Runway 34
Priority 4 (Equal):
Arriving and departing Runway 16
Priority 5:
Arriving and departing Runway 09
Weather, in particular wind speed and direction, is generally the main factor in determining which runways are in use, as aircraft operate safest when taking off and landing into the wind. Air traffic control (ATC) will determine the optimal runway to be used based on wind and weather conditions, type of aircraft, traffic conditions and runway availability. Pilots can also request a runway that is best suited to the capability of their aircraft.
ATC monitor wind and runway selection at all times, as weather conditions can quickly change. Once the runway is chosen, it needs to be available for an extended time to allow pilots to plan their descent, approach and landing. As this involves predicting developing weather, aircraft may continue to land on a runway when local weather conditions no longer appear to require it.
For more information on runway selection and seasonal winds, please visit this page.
The report below provides the percentage use of each operating mode during daytime and night-time periods for each month (hover over each day in the column graph and the mode, the number of movements and the percentage use on that day will appear). “Other Operations” refers to modes used when preferred modes are not available, due to things like runway works, adverse weather and emergency situations.
The report is best viewed in full screen mode.
Note: Due to rounding, percentage values may not sum to exactly 100.0%. Minor discrepancies of up to ±0.1% are expected and do not indicate any errors in the underlying absolute figures, which remain accurate and unaffected.